Editor’s Note: The market for pharmaceuticals is changing. Sensitive biopharmaceuticals require more robust packages. Counterfeiting has to be prevented with special seals and codes, and additional package features are necessary so that patients can safely administer medication themselves. Pharmaceutical companies and the packaging supply chain are faced with huge challenges. The packaging sector currently has a multitude of innovations in store for the pharmaceuticals industry, many of which will be found at interpack 2014, May 8 – 14, 2014 in Düsseldorf, Germany. There, about 1,100 of the roughly 2,700 exhibitors will offer solutions for the pharmaceuticals industry.
When the medicinal products market was still dominated by blockbuster medicines, the pharmaceutical companies had it relatively easy: They developed active substances that could be used to treat a large number of patients and produced medicines against widespread ailments such as high blood pressure and diabetes by the millions in standardized mass processes. Thus, the big multinationals earned billions year after year.
Since glass vials are often filled with aggressive medicinal products, they are subjected to precise checks beforehand.
But times are changing. “The market for biopharmaceuticals with selective action and greater potency is growing in importance. Scientists are delving ever deeper into biochemistry and identifying new goals,” explains Klaus Raith of the German Pharmaceuticals Society. Visiongain, the British market research company, confirms this trend. According to its findings, annual sales of biopharmaceuticals are currently experiencing double-digit growth, and a continuing rise is forecast for the next 10 years. This is forcing pharmaceutical companies to adapt. Some biomolecules readily decompose, while others are highly aggressive and attack the surfaces of primary packages. Containers with improved barrier properties and enhanced impact resistance are therefore required in order to reliably protect precious biosubstances. More flexible production processes are also called for, capable of precisely dosing even the tiniest quantities of active substance.SAFEGUARDING AGAINST COUNTERFEITS
It’s imperative pharmaceutical manufacturers take measures to safeguard medicines better against counterfeiting. Under the new EU Anti-Falsification Directive, virtually all prescription medicines will have to be provided, as of 2017, with a unique code number and a feature showing that the outer package has not been tampered with. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are becoming a growing hazard for patients. According to studies by the World Health Organization, the counterfeiting rate among medicines sold via dubious websites is already 50%. The customs authority puts the share of counterfeits in Europe at 10%. No one is safe from product counterfeiting.
THE PATIENT IS KING
Issues like self-medication and user safety are becoming increasingly important. Injections that only doctors used to give can now be self-administered by patients. To prevent injury, inbuilt safety needles retract immediately after injection.
The packages of the future will be even more versatile. The Finnish-Swedish packaging manufacturer Stora Enso and Göteborg’s Chalmers University of Technology, for example, are developing an intelligent package designed to simplify communication between patients and doctors. The package records precisely when a tablet is removed. If the doctor’s prescription is not observed, the patient receives a wireless reminder — sent to his or her mobile phone, for instance. Such consumer-friendly solutions demand a difficult balancing act from pharmaceutical manufacturers, who have to integrate extra features while also keeping costs under control.
To ensure that the glass does not interact later with the product, it is given a protective layer on the inside in a special coating machine.
CUTTING PRESSUREThe pressure to cut costs is passed on by the pharmaceuticals industry to the packaging sector. “Today’s requirements in the pharmaceuticals sector are tough — in terms of both innovation and boosting efficiency in the drive to cut costs,” explains Richard Clemens, managing director of the Food Processing and Packaging Machinery Association within the German Engineering Federation (VDMA). Developers are therefore working hard on new packaging solutions and improvements in equipment for the production of medicines. “Pharmaceutical manufacturers need solutions that give them new room for maneuver in production,” says Christina Rettig, spokesperson of glass specialist Schott (Germany). The company ranks among the leading suppliers of primary packages made of glass and has developed special glass vials for biomedicines that have a super-thin lining of silicon dioxide on the inside. In manufacturing, Schott makes use of chemical vapor deposition in which, after the reaction of a precursor gas with oxygen at high temperatures, silicon molecules are deposited on the glass wall. “The silicon layer prevents protein interactions with the package surface and protein adsorption — sensitive biopharmaceuticals thus stay stable,” Rettig explains.
Multi-layer plastic bottles are an alternative to glass vials. Some polymers such as polyolefins are transparent like glass, but protect biopharmaceuticals even better because their surface cannot be attacked by alkaline liquid medicines and contain hardly any organic substances that might enrich bio-substances. On the other hand, the polymers are relatively expensive, which is why the industry has been hesitant to use them so far.
Researchers are working hard to discover new active substances for better medicines. Crystals are particularly well suited to be processed into tablets.
EVERY PACKAGE UNIQUE
Progress has also been made in the fight against counterfeiting. August Faller, a manufacturer of secondary pharmaceuticals packages in Germany, has developed barcodes, alphanumeric series and data matrix codes for folded boxes and labels for the serial coding of packaging materials. The specialist uses ink-jet technology to print the packages with the serial product information, thus making it possible to trace the medicines back to the manufacturer.
The demand for identification solutions can be expected to grow rapidly in the coming years. Answering the call is securPharm, the umbrella organization for five medicinal product distribution associations, which is working to establish a system based on data matrix codes to guard against counterfeited medicines by 2017. The idea is that the medicine manufacturers make each package “one of a kind” by printing it with a square data matrix code containing a unique number. They store all the awarded numbers in a shared manufacturer database. At the pharmacy, the code of each package is then scanned and checked with the database before the medicine is given to the patient. As this check takes only seconds, counterfeited products are quickly flagged. The system has already passed its practical test with 280 participating pharmacies, 24 cooperating pharmaceutical companies, more than 3.5 million marked medicinal product packages and over 30,000 authentications, explains Reinhard Hoferichter, spokesman of the securPharm executive board. “With newly coded packages of selected drugs, we achieved system accessibility 99.5% of the time.”
Machinery and plant manufacturers have adjusted well to the new requirements of the pharmaceuticals sector. New production equipment that produces and packages medicines faster and more flexibly helps manufacturers offset high costs on elaborate packages and supplementary features through production efficiencies. For the identification and tracking of medicines, Italian automation specialist Marchesini, for example, has developed a track-and-trace solution with a printing module capable of printing 400 folded boxes per minute from both sides and from the top with different security labels. A camera then checks and verifies the codes. The data are finally stored in a huge central server from where they can be retrieved at any time, thus making counterfeiting exceptionally difficult.
Machines for the production of pharmaceuticals are becoming more and more efficient. With new systems, users can almost double product output.
MORE EFFICIENT PRODUCTIONGerman machinery manufacturer Bausch + Ströbel is also pulling out the stops for pharmaceuticals companies. “In the production of modern biopharmaceuticals, it is becoming more and more important to achieve highly reproducible precision in the filling process with high machine efficiency and availability in sterile conditions. We are investing heavily in innovation, quality assurance and process technology so that we can continue to offer our customers the best possible solutions,” says managing director Hagen Gehringer. The company’s innovations include a fully automatic labeling machine that labels bottles at a rate of up to 21,000 per hour and permits reel changes without interrupting production.
Bausch + Ströbel and sensor specialist visiotec have also developed a process permitting the continuous control of filling processes without output being reduced by this close scrutiny. During the production of medicines, 100% in-process checks are often necessary, as it is essential to ensure that precisely the right proportion of active substance is contained in each vial, syringe or carpule. Until now, the filled vials have been removed from the process and weighed, thus reducing the rate of production throughput. Instead, with its new method, Bausch + Ströbel and visiotec use sensors that check the vials in the ongoing process and thus maintain high machinery speed.
Compact, fully automatic production systems cut costs. On this syringe line, plunger assembly, labeling, safety device assembly and syringe buffering join together intelligently.
German equipment supplier Fette Compacting also specializes in greater speed and flexibility. It claims that the rotary table press recently added to its product range achieves product changes faster than any other presses in its performance bracket. Replacing the rotor, the key component of the machine, is said to take only 15 minutes. On existing conventional presses, this process may take more than an hour. The rotor carries the filling cams that mechanically control the movement of the punches and ensure that the tablets are pressed with precision. To change the rotor, it has always been necessary until now to unscrew many individual parts. Fette has designed the component in larger segments so that it can be replaced faster.
